Definition
Gaia Hypothesis
The Gaia Hypothesis proposes that the Earth and its biological systems behave as a single, self-regulating entity that maintains the conditions necessary for life. It was first formulated in the 1970s by James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis.
Mechanisms of Homeostasis
The hypothesis is based on the observation that the Earth is homeostatic. Negative feedback loops actively maintain biosphere parameters—such as surface temperature and atmospheric composition—within ranges friendly to life.
- Daisyworld: A simplified mathematical simulation demonstrating how homeostasis can emerge spontaneously from the interactions of species (e.g., black and white daisies) with their environment, driven by selection for dynamic stability.
- Planetary Intelligence: The Earth is viewed as “intelligent” only to the degree that the models implicit in its feedback loops have preserved life for billions of years—a slow, vegetative form of intelligence.
Observation
While controversial, the hypothesis suggests that the Earth as a whole can be considered “alive” because it self-modifies to achieve dynamic stability. However, this does not necessarily imply consciousness, which may require social interaction.
Modern Evolution
With the emergence of techno-humanity, the planet is arguably transitioning towards a more proactive form of intelligence, capable of sensing remotely and making long-range predictions.