Definition
Layered Kernel
A layered kernel is an OS architecture organising functions into a hierarchy of levels. Each layer is built on the one below, providing an abstract interface to the layer above. Layer uses only services from Layer . Most layers execute in kernel mode.
Properties
Modularity
Each layer can be tested independently. Errors in Layer are likely contained within that layer or below.
Abstraction
Hides hardware details from higher-level applications.
Performance Overhead
Crossing multiple layers for a single request can be slower than direct calls in a monolithic design.