operating-systems security malware
Definition
Malware
Malware (Malicious Software) is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network.
Types of Malware
Virus
Malicious code hidden within a legitimate program that replicates itself by infecting other programs. It requires a host to spread.
Worm
A standalone program that replicates itself and sends copies over a network (e.g., via email or remote login) to infect other computers. It does not require a host program.
Trojan Horse
A program that appears to have a useful or desired function but contains hidden malicious code. It is often downloaded voluntarily by the user.
Logic Bomb
A piece of code that remains dormant until triggered by a specific condition, such as a certain date or the absence of a specific user login.
Trapdoor (Backdoor)
A secret entry point into a system that allows someone to bypass normal security and access control mechanisms.
Attack Methods
- Denial of Service (DoS): Overloading a system so it can no longer provide its intended service.
- Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS): A coordinated DoS attack originating from many different sources simultaneously.
- Keylogger: Software that records keystrokes to steal passwords or sensitive information.
- Buffer Overflow: Writing data beyond the end of a buffer to overwrite the stack, potentially allowing the execution of malicious exploit code by overwriting the return address.
- Port Scan: Automated searching for open network ports to exploit known vulnerabilities.
- Social Engineering: Using deception (e.g., phishing) to manipulate individuals into divulging confidential information.