Lukas' Notes

Definition

Validity as Equivalence to Verum (Propositional Logic)

A formula is valid if and only if it is equivalent to verum :

Here is a global claim: it compares with the nullary constant formula across all interpretations, not under a single one.

Reason

Same value everywhere

Validity means for every interpretation . That is exactly what asserts: two equivalent formulas agree in value under every interpretation.