The tacticfunext x applies function extensionality: to prove two functions equal, it suffices to prove for every . It introduces an arbitrary input x and replaces the function-equality goal with equality of the outputs at x.
Example
Comparing functions pointwise
example : (fun n : ℕ => n + 0) = (fun n => n) := by funext n simp
funext n changes the goal to n + 0 = n for an arbitrary n : ℕ. The tactic simp proves that pointwise equality.