Definition
Reasoning
Reasoning is the cognitive process of drawing conclusions from premises, evidence, or mental models. It includes comparing alternatives, inferring consequences, and choosing between possible interpretations or actions.
Types
Deductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning derives consequences that follow necessarily from given premises.
Inductive Reasoning
Definition
Inductive Reasoning
Induction is reasoning from observed training cases to general rules, which are then applied to the test cases.
In contrast, transduction is reasoning from observed, specific (training) cases to specific (test) cases.
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Transductive Reasoning
Definition
Transductive Reasoning
Transductive reasoning is a type of reasoning that is inspired by transduction. Reasoning happens from observed, specific (training) cases to specific (test) cases.
In constract, inductive reasoning is reasoning on general rules, which are a generalisation of the observed.
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Abductive Reasoning
Abductive reasoning infers the most plausible explanation for the available evidence.
Relation
Reasoning uses information from working memory and long-term memory, and it is often shaped by metacognition.